Constitución francesa y derecho de excepción

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Teoría y realidad constitucional, ISSN 1139-5583, Nº 48, 2021, pags. 103-124

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If French constitutionalism has always had to deal with the right of exception, it will be necessary to wait for the Second Republic to formalize the legality of exception in the form of the legislation of foresight with the law of August 9, 1849 on the state of siege, the principle of which was inscribed in the Constitution of November 4, 1848. The law of April 3, 1878 adapts the state of siege to the Third Republic by making it an exclusively parliamentary competence, thereby showing the mark of the political regime on the legality of exception. The right of exception has been added, under the Fourth Republic, with the state of emergency with the law of April 3, 1955 in the context of Algeria, before the Fifth Republic standardizes the use of the right of exception for the benefit of the only one President of the Republic, in its two constitutional dimensions (state of siege, crisis powers) and legislative (state of emergency under common right and state of health emergency). It appears that the constitutionality of states of emergency has never been established in principle, either because the public authorities have avoided laying it down, or because the constitutional judge was concerned not to hinder the action of the executive power in a state of emergency. By authorizing the law to create a legality of exception, he considered that the Constitution of 1958 had not limited the right of exception to only states of siege and powers of crisis, even if it means considering that an ordinary law can question constitutional rights and freedoms without necessarily raising the question of its own constitutionality.

Article

Pierre-Caps, Stephane

Pierre-Caps, Stephane
Constitución francesa y derecho de excepción

Pierre-Caps, Stephane

Pierre-Caps, Stephane

Constitución francesa y derecho de excepción

Constitución francesa y derecho de excepción

Constitución francesa y derecho de excepción

Constitución francesa y derecho de excepción

Constitución francesa y derecho de excepción

constitución francesa y derecho de excepción

2021

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=8187272

1759495075356737536

dialnet-ar-18-ART00014969272023-03-03Constitución francesa y derecho de excepciónPierre-Caps, StephaneIf French constitutionalism has always had to deal with the right of exception, it will be necessary to wait for the Second Republic to formalize the legality of exception in the form of the legislation of foresight with the law of August 9, 1849 on the state of siege, the principle of which was inscribed in the Constitution of November 4, 1848. The law of April 3, 1878 adapts the state of siege to the Third Republic by making it an exclusively parliamentary competence, thereby showing the mark of the political regime on the legality of exception. The right of exception has been added, under the Fourth Republic, with the state of emergency with the law of April 3, 1955 in the context of Algeria, before the Fifth Republic standardizes the use of the right of exception for the benefit of the only one President of the Republic, in its two constitutional dimensions (state of siege, crisis powers) and legislative (state of emergency under common right and state of health emergency). It appears that the constitutionality of states of emergency has never been established in principle, either because the public authorities have avoided laying it down, or because the constitutional judge was concerned not to hinder the action of the executive power in a state of emergency. By authorizing the law to create a legality of exception, he considered that the Constitution of 1958 had not limited the right of exception to only states of siege and powers of crisis, even if it means considering that an ordinary law can question constitutional rights and freedoms without necessarily raising the question of its own constitutionality.Aunque el constitucionalismo francés siempre ha tenido que lidiar con el derecho de excepción, no fue hasta la Segunda República cuando la legalidad de la excepción se formalizó en forma de lación de previsión con la ley de 9 de agosto de 1849 sobre el estado de sitio, cuyo principio estaba consagrado en la Constitución de 4 de noviembre de 1848. La ley de 3 de abril de 1878 adaptó el estado de sitio a la Tercera República convirtiéndolo en una competencia exclusivamente parlamentaria, dejando así la impronta del régimen político en la legalidad de la excepción. El derecho de excepción se enriqueció bajo la Cuarta República con el estado de emergencia a través de la ley del 3 de abril de 1955 en el contexto de Argelia, antes de que la Quinta República normalizara el uso del derecho de excepción en beneficio exclusivo del Presidente de la República, en sus dos dimensiones: constitucional (estado de sitio y poderes de crisis) y legislativa (estado de emergencia de derecho común y estado de emergencia sanitaria). Parece que la constitucionalidad de los estados de excepción nunca se ha cuestionado, bien porque los poderes públicos han evitado plantearla, bien porque el juez constitucional se ha preocupado de no obstaculizar la actuación del ejecutivo durante dicha situación. Al autorizar al legislador a crear una legalidad de excepción, consideró que la Constitución de 1958 no había limitado el derecho de excepción a los estados de sitio y a los poderes de crisis, aunque ello supusiera que una ley ordinaria pudiera poner en cuestión los derechos y libertades constitucionales sin que se planteara la cuestión de su propia constitucionalidad.2021text (article)application/pdfhttps://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=8187272(Revista) ISSN 1139-5583Teoría y realidad constitucional, ISSN 1139-5583, Nº 48, 2021, pags. 103-124spaLICENCIA DE USO: Los documentos a texto completo incluidos en Dialnet son de acceso libre y propiedad de sus autores y/o editores. Por tanto, cualquier acto de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública y/o transformación total o parcial requiere el consentimiento expreso y escrito de aquéllos. Cualquier enlace al texto completo de estos documentos deberá hacerse a través de la URL oficial de éstos en Dialnet. Más información: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/info/derechosOAI | INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS STATEMENT: Full text documents hosted by Dialnet are protected by copyright and/or related rights. This digital object is accessible without charge, but its use is subject to the licensing conditions set by its authors or editors. Unless expressly stated otherwise in the licensing conditions, you are free to linking, browsing, printing and making a copy for your own personal purposes. All other acts of reproduction and communication to the public are subject to the licensing conditions expressed by editors and authors and require consent from them. Any link to this document should be made using its official URL in Dialnet. More info: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/info/derechosOAI