Microextorsión en Colombia: caracterizando el delito desde Medellín, Cartagena y Bogotá*, 2011-2014

dialnet-ar-18-ART0001070945

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Criminalidad, ISSN 1794-3108, Vol. 58, Nº. 1, 2016, pags. 131-157

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Extorsión
víctima
delincuente
delito
seguridad (fuente: Tesauro de Política Criminal Latinoamericana - ILANUD)
Extortion
victim
criminal
offender
delinquent
crime
offense
security
safety (Source: Tesauro de política criminal latinoamericana - ILANUD)
Extorsão
vítima
delinquente
crime
segurança (fonte: Tesauro de política criminal latinoamericana - ILANUD)

Extorsión
víctima
delincuente
delito
seguridad (fuente: Tesauro de Política Criminal Latinoamericana - ILANUD)
Extortion
victim
criminal
offender
delinquent
crime
offense
security
safety (Source: Tesauro de política criminal latinoamericana - ILANUD)
Extorsão
vítima
delinquente
crime
segurança (fonte: Tesauro de política criminal latinoamericana - ILANUD)
Norza Céspedes, Ervyn
Peñalosa Otero, María Ximena
Microextorsión en Colombia: caracterizando el delito desde Medellín, Cartagena y Bogotá*, 2011-2014

This article makes part of the series of publications belonging in the research line titled Influential psychosocial and demographic factors in micro-extortion, the objective of which was to identify in both victims and victimizers, in the cities of Medellin, Cartagena and Bogota, those psychosocial and demographic components likely to precipitate crime. A descriptive exploratory research with a mixed approach was outlined by applying semi-structured interviews to victims, offenders and judicial investigators in order to create a causal cycle model through the logic of systemic thinking. The results showed that, on average, perpetrators usually are young individuals between 18 and 25 years of age, with minimum schooling levels, vulnerable to the influence of third parties, located in sectors of unfavorable social conditions, poor labor opportunities and exiguous remunerations, and living within dysfunctional family environments for whom the so-called "micro-extortion" method is the first crime they dare to commit. On average, victims are within the age range between 42 and 49 years. In labor terms, they usually are productive individuals with functional and stable families that perpetrators generally choose as targets to address their threats; they belong to low-middle income socioeconomic strata, with intermediate levels of education, a routinary life style with upright values and proper social relationships. Finally, the economic component is the variable intervening in systemic iteration, and maintaining the micro-extortion process for a long period of time shapes some sort of game between the offender and the victim, where the former identifies threat as an efficient and effective mechanism designed to constrain the latter, in this manner giving rise to a cycle that can be reinforced by periodical payments serving to encourage new threats. Sustaining this game relies upon the low degree of danger or risk perceived by the perpetrator with respect to the likelihood of being caught, this added to the easiness of this kind of crime as far as efforts required are concerned.

Article

Norza Céspedes, Ervyn
Peñalosa Otero, María Ximena

Norza Céspedes, Ervyn
Peñalosa Otero, María Ximena

Norza Céspedes, Ervyn

Microextorsión en Colombia: caracterizando el delito desde Medellín, Cartagena y Bogotá*, 2011-2014

Microextorsión en Colombia: caracterizando el delito desde Medellín, Cartagena y Bogotá*, 2011-2014

Microextorsión en Colombia: caracterizando el delito desde Medellín, Cartagena y Bogotá*, 2011-2014

Microextorsión en Colombia: caracterizando el delito desde Medellín, Cartagena y Bogotá*, 2011-2014

Microextorsión en Colombia: caracterizando el delito desde Medellín, Cartagena y Bogotá*, 2011-2014

microextorsión en colombia: caracterizando el delito desde medellín, cartagena y bogotá*, 2011-2014

2016

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=5737184

1709744863834013696

dialnet-ar-18-ART00010709452016-12-13Microextorsión en Colombia: caracterizando el delito desde Medellín, Cartagena y Bogotá*, 2011-2014Norza Céspedes, ErvynPeñalosa Otero, María XimenaExtorsiónvíctimadelincuentedelitoseguridad (fuente: Tesauro de Política Criminal Latinoamericana - ILANUD)Extortionvictimcriminaloffenderdelinquentcrimeoffensesecuritysafety (Source: Tesauro de política criminal latinoamericana - ILANUD)Extorsãovítimadelinquentecrimesegurança (fonte: Tesauro de política criminal latinoamericana - ILANUD)This article makes part of the series of publications belonging in the research line titled Influential psychosocial and demographic factors in micro-extortion, the objective of which was to identify in both victims and victimizers, in the cities of Medellin, Cartagena and Bogota, those psychosocial and demographic components likely to precipitate crime. A descriptive exploratory research with a mixed approach was outlined by applying semi-structured interviews to victims, offenders and judicial investigators in order to create a causal cycle model through the logic of systemic thinking. The results showed that, on average, perpetrators usually are young individuals between 18 and 25 years of age, with minimum schooling levels, vulnerable to the influence of third parties, located in sectors of unfavorable social conditions, poor labor opportunities and exiguous remunerations, and living within dysfunctional family environments for whom the so-called "micro-extortion" method is the first crime they dare to commit. On average, victims are within the age range between 42 and 49 years. In labor terms, they usually are productive individuals with functional and stable families that perpetrators generally choose as targets to address their threats; they belong to low-middle income socioeconomic strata, with intermediate levels of education, a routinary life style with upright values and proper social relationships. Finally, the economic component is the variable intervening in systemic iteration, and maintaining the micro-extortion process for a long period of time shapes some sort of game between the offender and the victim, where the former identifies threat as an efficient and effective mechanism designed to constrain the latter, in this manner giving rise to a cycle that can be reinforced by periodical payments serving to encourage new threats. Sustaining this game relies upon the low degree of danger or risk perceived by the perpetrator with respect to the likelihood of being caught, this added to the easiness of this kind of crime as far as efforts required are concerned.Este artigo faz parte da série das publicações da linha da investigação intitulada Os fatores psicossociais e demográficos que influenciam a micro-extorsão, cujo objetivo era identificar componentes psicossociais e demográficos nas vítimas e vitimários nas cidades de Medellín, Cartagena e Bogotá, que pode precipitar a atividade ilícita. Uma investigação exploratória descritiva com um enfoque misturado é apresentada, aplicando entrevistas semiestruturadas às vítimas, vitimários e investigadores judiciais, para gerar um modelo de ciclos causais através da lógica do pensamento sistêmico. Os resultados indicaram que, na média, os vitimários são geralmente jovens entre 18 e 25 anos, são vulneráveis à influência de terceiros, têm níveis mínimos de escolaridade, ficam em setores com condições sociais desfavoráveis, escassa atividade laboral e remuneração exígua, em ambientes familiares disfuncionais, para quem a micro-extorsão é o primeiro crime que cometem. As vítimas, na média, têm uma faixa de idade entre os 42 e os 49 anos, são produtivas, têm famílias funcionais e estáveis, e os vitimários utilizam elas para a direcionar a ameaça. Ficam em um estrato socioeconômico média baixa, têm níveis de ensino médio e estilos rotineiros de vida, com valores e relações sociais apropriadas. Finalmente, o componente econômico é a variável que medeia na iteração sistêmica, e a manutenção da micro-extorsão por longo tempo conforma um jogo entre o vitimário e a vítima, onde o primeiro identifica a ameaça como um mecanismo eficaz para constranger a vítima, que constitui um ciclo que é reforçado pelo pagamento periódico, que impulsa uma ameaça nova. Este jogo sustém-se devido ao baixo risco percebido pelo vitimário para sua captação e a facilidade da atividade ilícita a respeito do esforço requerido.Este artículo hace parte de la serie de publicaciones de la línea de investigación titulada Factores psicosociales y demográficos influyentes en la microextorsión, cuyo objetivo fue identificar componentes psicosociales y demográficos en las víctimas y victimarios en las ciudades de Medellín, Cartagena y Bogotá, que pueden precipitar el ilícito. Se planteó una investigación exploratoria descriptiva con enfoque mixto, aplicando entrevistas semiestructuradas a víctimas, victimarios e investigadores judiciales, para generar un modelo de ciclos causales a través de la lógica del pensamiento sistémico. Los resultados indicaron que, en promedio, los victimarios suelen ser jóvenes entre 18 y 25 años, son vulnerables a la influencia de terceros, tienen niveles mínimos de escolaridad, están ubicados en sectores con condiciones sociales desfavorables, escasa ocupación laboral y remuneración exigua, en entornos familiares disfuncionales, para quienes la microextorsión es el primer delito que cometen. Las víctimas, en promedio, tienen un rango de edad entre los 42 y los 49 años, son laboralmente productivas, tienen familias funcionales y estables, a quienes los victimarios utilizan para direccionar la amenaza, están ubicadas en estrato socioeconómico medio-bajo, cuentan con niveles de educación intermedia y estilos de vida rutinarios, con valores y relaciones sociales apropiados. Finalmente, el componente económico es la variable que media en la iteración sistémica, y el mantenimiento de la microextorsión por largo tiempo conforme un juego entre el victimario y la víctima, en donde el primero identifica la amenaza como un mecanismo efectivo para constreñir a la víctima, lo cual constituye un ciclo que se refuerza por el pago periódico, que impulsa una nueva amenaza. Este juego se sostiene debido al bajo riesgo percibido por el victimario para su captura y la facilidad del ilícito en cuanto al esfuerzo requerido.2016text (article)application/pdfhttps://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=5737184(Revista) ISSN 1794-3108Criminalidad, ISSN 1794-3108, Vol. 58, Nº. 1, 2016, pags. 131-157spaLICENCIA DE USO: Los documentos a texto completo incluidos en Dialnet son de acceso libre y propiedad de sus autores y/o editores. Por tanto, cualquier acto de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública y/o transformación total o parcial requiere el consentimiento expreso y escrito de aquéllos. Cualquier enlace al texto completo de estos documentos deberá hacerse a través de la URL oficial de éstos en Dialnet. Más información: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/info/derechosOAI | INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS STATEMENT: Full text documents hosted by Dialnet are protected by copyright and/or related rights. 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