Trabajo, estrés y salud: la costura a domicilio en Ciudad de México

People who work in sewing face precarious working and living conditions; the domestic setting of this work increases harm, as many workers are subjected to working conditions that can adversely affect their health. The aim of this study was to identify hazardous and potentially stressful working con...

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Main Authors: Pulido Navarro, Margarita, Garduño Andrade, María de los Angeles, Morales Estrella, Sandra Luz, Lara Flores, Norma
Format: Article
Language:Spanish
Published: Instituto de Altos Estudios en Salud Pública "Dr. Arnaldo Gabaldón" 2012
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Online Access:https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=4191176
Source:Salud de los Trabajadores, ISSN 1315-0138, Vol. 20, Nº. 1, 2012, pags. 33-47
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Salud de los Trabajadores, ISSN 1315-0138, Vol. 20, Nº. 1, 2012, pags. 33-47
language
Spanish
topic
Género
Profesiones
Administración del tiempo
Informal workers
Female labor
Working conditions
Stress
Health
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Género
Profesiones
Administración del tiempo
Informal workers
Female labor
Working conditions
Stress
Health
Pulido Navarro, Margarita
Garduño Andrade, María de los Angeles
Morales Estrella, Sandra Luz
Lara Flores, Norma
Trabajo, estrés y salud: la costura a domicilio en Ciudad de México
description
People who work in sewing face precarious working and living conditions; the domestic setting of this work increases harm, as many workers are subjected to working conditions that can adversely affect their health. The aim of this study was to identify hazardous and potentially stressful working conditions and their association with adverse health outcomes in a group of seamstresses and tailors in Mexico City. One hundred thirty-eight surveys were administered, centered on demographic, socioeconomic, and occupational risk factors, together with job demands and health. We applied a stress questionnaire, a domestic workload questionnaire and a guide to observe the work process. We performed univariate and bivariate analysis. We interviewed 26 men and 112 women; mean age was 40.8 years (SD ± 10.3). Several occupational risks and potentially stressful demands were reported; morbidity was 390 incidents per 100 workers. The most common adverse health effects were chronic conjunctivitis, varicose veins, back pain, musculoskeletal disorders, chronic fatigue, headache, anxiety, sleep disorders, hearing loss, chronic nasopharyngitis, depression, hemorrhoids, and dermatitis. The prevalence of stress was 23 per 100 workers. Among others, the following statistically significant associations were found: prolonged awkward positions and uncomfortable seating with back pain, repetitive and heavy work with chronic fatigue, monotonous work with depression; long working hours, exposure to noise, repetitiveness and inability to be away from work for more than 5 minutes was associated with stress. We conclude that these adverse health effects are associated with poor working conditions. Interventions targeted at work organization, ergonomics, job redesign and better coverage of health services are urgently needed.
format
Article
author
Pulido Navarro, Margarita
Garduño Andrade, María de los Angeles
Morales Estrella, Sandra Luz
Lara Flores, Norma
author_facet
Pulido Navarro, Margarita
Garduño Andrade, María de los Angeles
Morales Estrella, Sandra Luz
Lara Flores, Norma
author_sort
Pulido Navarro, Margarita
title
Trabajo, estrés y salud: la costura a domicilio en Ciudad de México
title_short
Trabajo, estrés y salud: la costura a domicilio en Ciudad de México
title_full
Trabajo, estrés y salud: la costura a domicilio en Ciudad de México
title_fullStr
Trabajo, estrés y salud: la costura a domicilio en Ciudad de México
title_full_unstemmed
Trabajo, estrés y salud: la costura a domicilio en Ciudad de México
title_sort
trabajo, estrés y salud: la costura a domicilio en ciudad de méxico
publisher
Instituto de Altos Estudios en Salud Pública "Dr. Arnaldo Gabaldón"
publishDate
2012
url
https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=4191176
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1709711247911419904
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dialnet-ar-18-ART00005450182020-06-04Trabajo, estrés y salud: la costura a domicilio en Ciudad de MéxicoPulido Navarro, MargaritaGarduño Andrade, María de los AngelesMorales Estrella, Sandra LuzLara Flores, NormaGéneroProfesionesAdministración del tiempoInformal workersFemale laborWorking conditionsStressHealthPeople who work in sewing face precarious working and living conditions; the domestic setting of this work increases harm, as many workers are subjected to working conditions that can adversely affect their health. The aim of this study was to identify hazardous and potentially stressful working conditions and their association with adverse health outcomes in a group of seamstresses and tailors in Mexico City. One hundred thirty-eight surveys were administered, centered on demographic, socioeconomic, and occupational risk factors, together with job demands and health. We applied a stress questionnaire, a domestic workload questionnaire and a guide to observe the work process. We performed univariate and bivariate analysis. We interviewed 26 men and 112 women; mean age was 40.8 years (SD ± 10.3). Several occupational risks and potentially stressful demands were reported; morbidity was 390 incidents per 100 workers. The most common adverse health effects were chronic conjunctivitis, varicose veins, back pain, musculoskeletal disorders, chronic fatigue, headache, anxiety, sleep disorders, hearing loss, chronic nasopharyngitis, depression, hemorrhoids, and dermatitis. The prevalence of stress was 23 per 100 workers. Among others, the following statistically significant associations were found: prolonged awkward positions and uncomfortable seating with back pain, repetitive and heavy work with chronic fatigue, monotonous work with depression; long working hours, exposure to noise, repetitiveness and inability to be away from work for more than 5 minutes was associated with stress. We conclude that these adverse health effects are associated with poor working conditions. Interventions targeted at work organization, ergonomics, job redesign and better coverage of health services are urgently needed.Las personas que laboran en la costura enfrentan condiciones de trabajo y de vida precarias, el trabajo a domicilio intensifica la nocividad de sus procesos, por lo cual se ven forzadas a desempeñarse en condiciones laborales que repercuten negativamente en su salud. En este estudio, se planteó identificar condiciones de trabajo nocivas, potencialmente estresantes y su asociación con los daños a la salud en un grupo dedicado a las labores de la costura en México, D.F.. Se aplicaron 138 encuestas con información demográfica, socioeconómica, de riesgos y exigencias laborales y salud. Se aplicó un cuestionario de estrés, otro de carga de trabajo doméstica y una guía de observación de proceso de trabajo. Se realizó análisis univariado y bivariado. Fueron entrevistados 26 varones y 112 mujeres con edad promedio de 40.8 años (DS±10.3). Se reportaron diversos riesgos y exigencias potencialmente estresantes. La tasa de morbilidad fue de 390 daños (por cada 100). Los padecimientos más frecuentes fueron conjuntivitis crónica, várices, lumbalgia, trastornos musculoesqueléticos, fatiga crónica, cefalea, ansiedad, trastornos del sueño, hipoacusia, rinofaringitis crónica, depresión, hemorroides y dermatitis. El estrés mostró una prevalencia de 23 (por cada 100). Se encontraron, entre otras asociaciones significativas: posiciones incómodas y asiento incómodo con lumbalgia, repetitividad y trabajo pesado con fatiga crónica, trabajo aburrido con depresión y jornada prolongada; la jornada prolongada, la exposición a ruido, la repetitividad y no poder desatender su tarea más de 5 minutos se asoció con estrés. Se concluye que los padecimientos identificados se encuentran relacionados con condiciones de trabajo; son urgentes medidas ergonómicas y organizacionales, rediseño del puesto y cobertura de servicios de salud.Instituto de Altos Estudios en Salud Pública "Dr. Arnaldo Gabaldón"2012text (article)application/pdfhttps://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=4191176(Revista) ISSN 1315-0138Salud de los Trabajadores, ISSN 1315-0138, Vol. 20, Nº. 1, 2012, pags. 33-47spaLICENCIA DE USO: Los documentos a texto completo incluidos en Dialnet son de acceso libre y propiedad de sus autores y/o editores. Por tanto, cualquier acto de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública y/o transformación total o parcial requiere el consentimiento expreso y escrito de aquéllos. Cualquier enlace al texto completo de estos documentos deberá hacerse a través de la URL oficial de éstos en Dialnet. 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