La recepción del ius commune privatum hispaniarum indiarumque

As its is known, the second millennium of the study and practice of Law througouht the western world practically coincides with the first millennium of the university as an institution, that is, the so-called Studium Generale, Universitas Studii, Universitas Studiorum. Out of these last millennium,...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Betancourt Serna, Fernando
Format: Article
Language:Spanish
Published: 2018
Subjects:
Online Access:https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=6971294
Source:RIDROM: Revista Internacional de Derecho Romano, ISSN 1989-1970, Nº. 21, 2018, pags. 1-155
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags: Be the first to tag this record
id
dialnet-ar-18-ART0001327529
record_format
dialnet
institution
Dialnet
collection
Dialnet AR
source
RIDROM: Revista Internacional de Derecho Romano, ISSN 1989-1970, Nº. 21, 2018, pags. 1-155
language
Spanish
topic
Utrumque ius
Ius commune
Ius proprium
Ius commune privatum
Iberoamérica
Utrumque ius
Ius commune
Ius proprium
Ius commune privatum
Iberoamérica
spellingShingle
Utrumque ius
Ius commune
Ius proprium
Ius commune privatum
Iberoamérica
Utrumque ius
Ius commune
Ius proprium
Ius commune privatum
Iberoamérica
Betancourt Serna, Fernando
La recepción del ius commune privatum hispaniarum indiarumque
description
As its is known, the second millennium of the study and practice of Law througouht the western world practically coincides with the first millennium of the university as an institution, that is, the so-called Studium Generale, Universitas Studii, Universitas Studiorum. Out of these last millennium, the latter eight hundred years habe been devoted to the study of the utrumque ius, i. e. to the study of Justinian’s (527 – 565 A. D.) and the Corpus Iuris Canonici (12th – 15th centuries). These two Corpora iuris were the referent to the construction and application of the different national legislations (ius proprium – iura propria) of the whole Respublica christiana or Christianorum. The construction and application to each national legislation of the principles of both the Corpus Iuris Civilis and the Corpus Iuris Canonici brought about the ius commune of the Respublica Christiana. Yet the name ius commune is relative, in the sense that there is a duality between the common elements of the two Corpora on one side, and each national legislation (iura propria) on the other; this latter comprising for each kingdom both the civil law (ius saeculare proprium) and the domestic canon law (ius canonicum proprium). Excluding the UK, were the common law has maintained its predominance during the last thousand years, the last of the Western legal culture has shifted from the first eigth hundred years of the last millennium in wich the focus was the ius commune into the study during the last two hundred years of the national laws that were codified and written in the different national languages. In the paper it is sustained the these different national legislation are no more than an ius commune that has been fragmented and translated into the national languages. The paradoxis is that while the late Middle Ages Respublica Christiana meant, at the same time, a politica disaggegation and a legal uniformite, the Modern State born in the 19th and 20th centuries stood for the opposite, political unity and legal dispersion. In the World, the study of the utrumque ius officially started on October 28th 1538, when Pope Paulus III issued the decree In apostolatus culmine setting the Convento-Universidad de Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic, the first university there, all the way to the 18th century. The only exception was Brazil, where the Portuguese did not set up any university and the Brazilian lawyers had to go to study at Lisboa / Coimbra (founded in 1290), yet Brazl also received the ius commune. The term utrumque ius is absolute (exclusively academic) but the term ius commune is relative and assumes the latter. Therefore, the ius commune survives till the adoption of the different civil codes in each nation, both in Europe and in Spanish America. This paper addresses the history of universities in Spanish Amercia from the 16th through the 18th century, and takes up the following questions: What can be considered ius commune privatum in Spanish America during this period? What are its particular secular an canonical sources?.
format
Article
author
Betancourt Serna, Fernando
author_facet
Betancourt Serna, Fernando
author_sort
Betancourt Serna, Fernando
title
La recepción del ius commune privatum hispaniarum indiarumque
title_short
La recepción del ius commune privatum hispaniarum indiarumque
title_full
La recepción del ius commune privatum hispaniarum indiarumque
title_fullStr
La recepción del ius commune privatum hispaniarum indiarumque
title_full_unstemmed
La recepción del ius commune privatum hispaniarum indiarumque
title_sort
la recepción del ius commune privatum hispaniarum indiarumque
publishDate
2018
url
https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=6971294
_version_
1709749516677152768
spelling
dialnet-ar-18-ART00013275292020-05-07La recepción del ius commune privatum hispaniarum indiarumqueBetancourt Serna, FernandoUtrumque iusIus communeIus propriumIus commune privatumIberoaméricaUtrumque iusIus communeIus propriumIus commune privatumIberoaméricaAs its is known, the second millennium of the study and practice of Law througouht the western world practically coincides with the first millennium of the university as an institution, that is, the so-called Studium Generale, Universitas Studii, Universitas Studiorum. Out of these last millennium, the latter eight hundred years habe been devoted to the study of the utrumque ius, i. e. to the study of Justinian’s (527 – 565 A. D.) and the Corpus Iuris Canonici (12th – 15th centuries). These two Corpora iuris were the referent to the construction and application of the different national legislations (ius proprium – iura propria) of the whole Respublica christiana or Christianorum. The construction and application to each national legislation of the principles of both the Corpus Iuris Civilis and the Corpus Iuris Canonici brought about the ius commune of the Respublica Christiana. Yet the name ius commune is relative, in the sense that there is a duality between the common elements of the two Corpora on one side, and each national legislation (iura propria) on the other; this latter comprising for each kingdom both the civil law (ius saeculare proprium) and the domestic canon law (ius canonicum proprium). Excluding the UK, were the common law has maintained its predominance during the last thousand years, the last of the Western legal culture has shifted from the first eigth hundred years of the last millennium in wich the focus was the ius commune into the study during the last two hundred years of the national laws that were codified and written in the different national languages. In the paper it is sustained the these different national legislation are no more than an ius commune that has been fragmented and translated into the national languages. The paradoxis is that while the late Middle Ages Respublica Christiana meant, at the same time, a politica disaggegation and a legal uniformite, the Modern State born in the 19th and 20th centuries stood for the opposite, political unity and legal dispersion. In the World, the study of the utrumque ius officially started on October 28th 1538, when Pope Paulus III issued the decree In apostolatus culmine setting the Convento-Universidad de Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic, the first university there, all the way to the 18th century. The only exception was Brazil, where the Portuguese did not set up any university and the Brazilian lawyers had to go to study at Lisboa / Coimbra (founded in 1290), yet Brazl also received the ius commune. The term utrumque ius is absolute (exclusively academic) but the term ius commune is relative and assumes the latter. Therefore, the ius commune survives till the adoption of the different civil codes in each nation, both in Europe and in Spanish America. This paper addresses the history of universities in Spanish Amercia from the 16th through the 18th century, and takes up the following questions: What can be considered ius commune privatum in Spanish America during this period? What are its particular secular an canonical sources?.Como es sabido, el segundo milenio d. C. del estudio y praxis del Derecho en Occidente viene a coincidir con el primer milenio de la institución universitaria (Studium Generale – Universitas Studii – Universitas Studiorum). De ese milenio, ochocientos años aproximadamente corresponden al estudio universitario del utrumque ius, es decir, del Corpus iuris civilis del emperador Justiniano (527 d- C. – 565 d. C.) y del Corpus iuris canonici (siglos XII al XV). Corpora iuris a la luz de los cuales se interpretan y aplican los derechos propios (ius proprium – iura propria) de toda la Respublica Christiana o Christianorum. Así, pues, el estudio, interpretación y aplicación de los iura propria a la luz de aquellos dos grandes corpora iuris da como resultado el ius commune de la Respublica christiana. Por tanto, el término ius commune es de carácter relativo: lo común -los dos grandes corpora iuris- frente a lo que no es común: los múltiples iura propria que, para cada reino, comprende tanto el ius saeculare proprium como el ius canonicum particulare. Por tanto, correlativamente, al universal Corpus iuris civilis se corresponde el ius saeculare o ius patrium y al universal Corpus iuris canonici se corresponde el ius canonicum particulare, también ius patrium. De ese milenio de cultura jurídica Occidental –excepción hecha del Common Law, que no ha tenido solución de continuidad-, ochocientos años aproximadamente corresponden al ius commune, y doscientos años –los siglos XIX y XX- corresponden al estudio universitaro y praxis de los Derechos Nacionales Codificados y formulados en lenguas vernáculas. En nuestra opinión, realmente se trata del ius commune atomizado y formulado en lenguas vernáculas. Nos encontramos así con la paradoja de que mientras la Baja Edad Media en lo político se caracteriza por la “atomización” de la potestad política, en lo jurídic se caracteriza por la “unidad jurídica” de la Respublica christiana. En cambio, con el Estado Moderno (de los siglos XIX y XX) se va a dar lo contrario: la unidad política (estatal) y la relativa “atomización jurídica”. Para el Nuevo Mundo Hispanoamericano la enseñanza del utrumque ius abarca desde el siglo XVI, concretamente a partir del 28 de octubre de 1538, fecha de la bula In apostolatus culmine, del Papa Paulo III, de erección del Convento-Universidad de Santo Domingo de la Isla Española [República Dominicana] –decana de las del Nuevo Mundo, de todo el Nuevo Mundo- hasta el siglo XIX, inclusive. No así para Brasil en donde la metrópoli portuguesa no erige universidades, sino que la juventud brasileña debe ir a formarse a la Universidad de Coimbra / Lisboa (1290). Naturalmente, Brasil vive el ius commune. Así, pues, la categoría utrumque ius (uno y otro derecho) es absoluta en el sentido de exclusivamente académica, mientras que la de ius commune es relativa y presupone aquélla ineludiblemente. Por tanto, la vigencia del ius comune se prolonga hasta la adopción de los Códigos Civiles Nacionales para cada uno de los Estado-Nación europeos continentales y del Nuevo Mundo Iberoamericano. El presente trabajo trata de dar respuesta a las siguientes dos preguntas: Presupuesta la historia universitaria hispanoamericana desde el siglo XVI hasta el XIX, inclusive, ¿cuál es el ius commune (privatum) para Iberoamérica? ¿cuáles son sus fuentes seculares propias y canónicas propias?.2018text (article)application/pdfhttps://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=6971294(Revista) ISSN 1989-1970RIDROM: Revista Internacional de Derecho Romano, ISSN 1989-1970, Nº. 21, 2018, pags. 1-155spaLICENCIA DE USO: Los documentos a texto completo incluidos en Dialnet son de acceso libre y propiedad de sus autores y/o editores. Por tanto, cualquier acto de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública y/o transformación total o parcial requiere el consentimiento expreso y escrito de aquéllos. Cualquier enlace al texto completo de estos documentos deberá hacerse a través de la URL oficial de éstos en Dialnet. Más información: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/info/derechosOAI | INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS STATEMENT: Full text documents hosted by Dialnet are protected by copyright and/or related rights. This digital object is accessible without charge, but its use is subject to the licensing conditions set by its authors or editors. Unless expressly stated otherwise in the licensing conditions, you are free to linking, browsing, printing and making a copy for your own personal purposes. All other acts of reproduction and communication to the public are subject to the licensing conditions expressed by editors and authors and require consent from them. Any link to this document should be made using its official URL in Dialnet. More info: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/info/derechosOAI