TY  - JOUR
T1  - Contemporary u.s. federalism: coercive change with cooperative continuity
A1  - Kincaid, John
PB  - Generalitat de Catalunya: Institut d'Estudis Autonòmics
YR  - 2008
UL  - http://biblioteca.ararteko.eus/Record/dialnet-ar-18-ART0000207459
AB  - Contemporary U.S. federalism is a complex mixture of coercive, cooperative, and dual elements. Constitutionally and politically, the federal system has become coercive because there has been a vast expansion of federal-government power over the states since the 1960s. This coercion involves, among other things, increased regulations attached to federal grants-in-aid, mandates imposed on the states, and federal preemptions of state powers. Neither the U.S. Senate nor the Supreme Court or the president serves as a protector of state powers today. Administratively, however, intergovernmental relations between the federal, state, and local governments remain highly cooperative. State and local officials implement and comply with federalgovernment policies and occasionally obtain concessions and adjustments in implementation from federal officials. At the same time, the states still retain considerable residual powers, which, along with their substantial fiscal capacities, allow them to engage in independent and innovative policymaking in a large number of policy fields. State policy activism in such fields as consumer protection, criminal justice, environmental protection, health care, and worker rights has, in part, been a reaction against coercive federalism and, in turn, has often highlighted weaknesses in comparable federal-government policies.
KW  - cooperación intergubernamental
KW  - estados en EUA
KW  - Tribunal Supremo en EUA
KW  - American federalism
KW  - grants-in-aid
KW  - preemption
KW  - mandates
KW  - coercive federalism
KW  - intergovernmental cooperation
KW  - U
KW  - S
KW  - States
KW  - Supreme Court
KW  - federalismo en EUA
KW  - subvenciones
KW  - prevalencia
KW  - asignaciones
KW  - federalismo coercitivo
ER  -